Mathematical areas and current work

Research

We seek useful questions and ways to make the answers understandable. Browse by mathematical area; each brings together its current questions, established and provisional claims, focused programs, and related publications.

PEG computational models: DPPDA, scaffolding, and cell-probe comparisons

Program guide and maintained sources in GitLab

6 research areas · 14 focused programs

Research areas

Browse all claims

Automata and formal languages

Driving question

When do different computational models recognize the same languages?

Automata, grammars, parsing, language recognition, residuals, pushdown structure, and scaffolding automata.

Current research

  • Persistent real-time recognitionScaffolding automata, parsing expression grammars (PEGs), and persistent stacks
  • Residual methods for languagesDerivatives, quotients, and Dyck frontiers
  • Finite-state and pushdown complexityTransformation monoids, visible projections, and bounded periods
  • Learning rational sequencesExact prefixes and revisable observations

Selected findings

  • Structural normal-form theorem · FPRD-T161Unary labels and two controls suffice

    Every finite scaffold presentation compiles to distance two with one working label and two controls, leaving degree as the canonical unbounded resource.

  • Distance normal-form theorem · FPRD-T160Distance two has full scaffold recognition power

    Shortcut closure converts every finite-distance scaffold to distance two, while distance one is exactly regular. Higher distance affects succinctness, not expressiveness.

  • Distance hierarchy theorem · FPRD-T159Distance one is exactly finite-state

    Every distance-one scaffold compiles to a finite automaton, while a nonregular persistent selector appears at distance two, giving a strict first hierarchy step.

Research papers

Focused programs

Models of computation

Driving question

Which features of a computation are intrinsic to its model?

Finite persistent structures, abelian networks, schedule-sensitive computation, geometric machines, and exact interfaces between models.

Current research

  • Finite presentations and observationExact states, finite shadows, and persistent readouts
  • Representation and scheduleChanges of coordinates, update orders, and native work
  • Chronology erasureAbelian networks, boundary receipts, and floor depth
  • Fold-and-Look computation and geometric resource boundsIncidence normal forms, material, folds, and precision
  • Finite fitting and escapeHorizon-by-horizon agreement versus stationary resources

Selected findings

  • Separation theorem · AFD-11A binary ZILP function has exact floor depth two

    An explicit increasing binary function lies in the depth-two class but not the depth-one class, with the lower bound covering arbitrary positive denominators and primings.

  • Finite obstruction · FPRD-T81Greatest causal factors can fail on five sites

    A cyclic Boolean two-hinge carrier has two nonassociated maximal common causal factors—an edge and a diagonal—but no greatest common factor.

  • Resource theorem · FPRD-T67Fold-and-Look material and precision are coupled

    The number of usable feature sites is bounded by folds, final footprint, and minimum spacing; for parity this forces an exponential material–precision tradeoff under a small fold budget.

Focused programs

Logic, semantics, and rewriting

Driving question

When do local transformations generate the same global behavior?

Operational semantics, causal equivalence, rewriting histories, confluence, cubical coherence, proof dynamics, and verification.

Current research

  • Causal scaffold semanticsFolding, sewing, feedback, and behavioral equivalence
  • Replayable workAdaptive dependency slices, composition, and persistent receipts
  • Coherence of historiesCubical cells, normal forms, and higher relations
  • Rewriting and proof dynamicsReduction orders, rotations, and schedule-sensitive work
  • Reversible data systemsEquivariant ideals, finite bases, and reachability

Selected findings

  • Replay fan-out theorem · FPRD-T151A one-cell slice can hide an exponential future family

    Pointwise replay width one does not bound residual diversity: different futures can select different old cells and recover a whole stored vector coordinate by coordinate.

  • Replay theorem · FPRD-T150Adaptive replay slices are stable and compositional

    The backward closure of the cells actually queried by finite deterministic adaptive work is a stable replay certificate and pulls back exactly through sequential composition. Under independent source coordinates, fixing the supported source values gives a product cylinder contained in a replay-equivalence class.

  • Normal-form theorem · FPRD-T135Four local moves generate final behavioral equivalence

    For fixed length, degree one, and distance one, every final behavioral fibre has a unique literal right-packed normal form generated by four bounded kinds of local transformation.

Research papers

Focused programs

Algorithms and complexity

Driving question

What do algorithms cost once representation is counted?

Reductions, lower bounds, automata resources, streaming memory, linear recurrences, matrix powers, and arithmetic circuits.

Current research

  • Exact reductionsParameter retuning and machine-checked inequalities
  • Finite observation costsCuts, residual growth, and one-way information
  • Weighted-automata resourcesState, height, correction, and ambiguity
  • Succinct linear dynamicsRecurrences, rational matrices, and indexed evaluation
  • Executable algebraic complexityArithmetic DAGs, fan-out, storage, and precision

Selected findings

  • Verified reduction · FPRD-T114A concrete GapCVP parameter retuning

    Explicit parameters carry through the formalized reduction to a polynomial-time Euclidean GapCVP hardness result with exponent 1/30 and a fully recorded dimension bound.

  • Sharp access bound · FPRD-T47Maximum residual diversity requires exponential access

    A binary language realizing every horizon-N residual row needs prefix radius at least 2^(N+1)-1, while an explicit simultaneous maximizer meets this up to logarithmic overhead.

  • Robust separation · FPRD-T78Canonical height survives every fixed-state correction

    A fixed target has constant raw height but linear canonical height even after subtracting any horizon-dependent deterministic baseline with a fixed number of states.

Research papers

Algebra and discrete mathematics

Driving question

What algebraic structures are generated by computational models?

Tensor categories, representation theory, elliptic integrable systems, mathematical physics, formal series, semirings, metric groups, linear invariants, and discrete topology.

Current research

  • Metric-compatible group lawsExplicit products, discontinuities, and optimal regularity
  • Polynomial automata and seriesCommutativity, normalization, and finite-generation obstructions
  • Rational representationsRelative degree and faithful transformation actions
  • Linear loops and invariantsHidden dimension, orbit ideals, and polynomial realization
  • Mapping-class quotients and factorization receiptsCapping, cover lifting, positive corrections, and Hurwitz orbits
  • Algebra objects under super symmetryInternal radicals, absolute flatness, and detection along odd directions
  • Categorical presentations of topological phasesDiagonal condensation, relative centers, and non-Abelian anyon proliferation
  • Flavor-normal integrable dynamicsBethe equations, averaged elliptic forces, and stability discriminants
  • Metric complexes of cubical latticesSharp Rips thresholds, exact descending carriers, and uniform failures of exchange and midpoint rounding
  • Energy-shell ordered algebrasQuantum bootstrap moments, degree budgets, and filtered Weyl order-unit bounds
  • Matroid incidence and Möbius syzygiesFlat-labelled Koszul blocks, Sylvester lines, and linear presentations

Selected findings

Focused programs

Number theory and discrete dynamics

Driving question

Which exact structures govern arithmetic iteration?

Integer complexity, arithmetic iteration, guarded-affine traces, modular seams, recurrence, orbit structure, recovery budgets, and contraction.

Current research

  • Guarded-affine trace dynamicsExact residues, cut actions, and continuation maps
  • Recovery across cutsScalar deficits, seam lifts, and viable completions
  • Contraction boundariesMonotone potentials, counterfamilies, and no-gain theorems
  • Reverse-and-add carry structureFolded digits, directional carries, and reflection distance
  • Integer complexity of powers of twoCost-preserving expression normal forms, exponential equations, and p-adic branch reduction

Selected findings

Focused programs

Focused programs

Concentrated investigations within the broader research areas.

Mathematical physics

JT gravity: a bridge between presentations

A forest reconstruction leads to genuine Losev–Manin moment polytopes, but a fixed-fan deformation preserves both soft identities while changing the collision measure. This exact obstruction pauses the route: local BF data plus toricity do not select the compactified symplectic class.

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Books and overviews

Introductions and syntheses connecting ideas and results across multiple areas of the Lab’s work.