Data Petri nets and equivariant algebra

Reachability in reversible data VASS

Reversibility turns an unbounded reachability question into exact membership in an equivariant binomial ideal. A 2025 algorithm decides the problem under stronger effective ordering hypotheses. The weaker formulation considered here remains open because a labelled well-quasi-order does not yet supply the stronger termination property used by that algorithm.

FPRD-RDV-D01 · model

Finite markings and orbit-finite rules

Fix a data domain A\mathcal A with carrier AA and finitely many places[d][d]. A marking is a finite multiset over A×[d]A\times[d], equivalently a monomial in variables indexed by those pairs.

A finite list of representative rules generates all their data renamings under embeddings of the data structure. Reversibility means every rule is usable in both directions. That symmetry is essential: polynomial ideals allow generators with either sign and therefore cannot remember the orientation of a directed rewrite system. If the data structure is homogeneous, every isomorphism between finite induced substructures extends to an automorphism, so embeddings and automorphisms generate the same renamed finite rules.

FPRD-RDV-T01 · published theorem

Reachability has an exact ideal certificate

For representative transitions (ui,vi)(u_i,v_i), let

IT=⟨ι(vi−ui):i=1,…,m, ι∈Emb⁡(A)⟩. I_T=\left\langle \iota(v_i-u_i): i=1,\ldots,m, \ \iota\in\operatorname{Emb}(\mathcal A)\right\rangle.

Theorem (Ghosh–Lasota). For source and target monomials s,ts,t,s⟷T∗t⟺t−s∈IT.s\longleftrightarrow_T^*t\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad t-s\in I_T.

A path proves the forward direction by telescoping: a contextual step gu↔gvgu\leftrightarrow gvcontributes g(v−u)g(v-u). The reverse implication is the Mayr–Meyer binomial-ideal theorem for symmetric commutative rewriting, transferred to the embedding-equivariant setting by Ghosh and Lasota.

FPRD-RDV-T02 · finite-generation theorem

The stated WQO gives a finite global basis

A monomial over AA is a finite induced substructure whose elements carry natural-number exponent labels. Under homogeneity, label-increasing embedding is exactly monomial divisibility modulo data renaming.

Theorem 2 of Ghosh–Lasota therefore says that if the domain is also totally ordered, every embedding-equivariant ideal inK[A]K[\mathcal A] has a finite equivariant basis for every Noetherian commutative coefficient ring KK. This applies to the transition ideal.

Existence of a finite basis is not yet an algorithm for finding one, nor does it bound a shortest certificate for a particular query. Decidability also needs computable orbit operations, embedding tests, and a terminating Gröbner construction.

FPRD-RDV-T03 · strengthened theorem

A stronger effective case is decidable

Theorem (Ghosh–Lopez, 2025 preprint).Under the paper's computability assumptions, reachability in reversible Petri nets with data is decidable for every nicely orderable group action.

The hypothesis includes three algorithmic ingredients:

  • effective oligomorphism and computable orbit operations;
  • a compatible computable total order, or an effective reduct of one;
  • labelled monomial divisibility is a WQO for every WQO label set.

Under these conditions the authors compute an equivariant Gröbner basis, decide ideal membership, and apply the result to reversible data Petri nets.

FPRD-RDV-B01 · open boundary

The missing labelled-WQO implication

A natural-number-labelled WQO is weaker on its face than the two-coordinate condition used by the core Gröbner construction:

Age⁡(A,N) WQO⟹?Age⁡(A,N×N) WQO. \operatorname{Age}(\mathcal A,\mathbb N)\text{ WQO} \quad\stackrel{?}{\Longrightarrow}\quad \operatorname{Age}(\mathcal A,\mathbb N\times\mathbb N)\text{ WQO}.

The inspected sources do not establish this implication in the required generality, so the weaker hypothesis set remains open in this record.

Two concrete routes remain: prove the lifting for homogeneous ordered finite-signature structures, or exploit the binomial form of reversible reachability to avoid the full polynomial Gröbner machinery.

FPRD-RDV-X01 · hostile example

The Rado graph does not satisfy the two displayed hypotheses

The pure Rado graph has no distinguished invariant linear-order relation. Adding a generic order does not repair the WQO hypothesis: the age of the ordered random graph contains every finite ordered graph, including an arbitrarily ordered chordless cycle CnC_n for eachn≥4n\ge4. A chordless cycle has no proper induced subgraph that is a cycle, so these form an infinite antichain.

This agrees with the later paper's stronger hostile result: its infinite-path criterion makes equivariant ideal membership undecidable for the pure Rado-graph action. Dense rational order, by contrast, remains a valid positive example.

Independent finite checks

A dependency-free Buchberger implementation overQ\mathbb Q was compared with an independent breadth-first search on 72 degree-preserving reversible commutative rewriting systems. All 7,120 reachability/ideal-membership queries agreed. The directed one-rule control has reverse ideal membership but no reverse path, confirming exactly where reversibility is used. These finite checks test the algebraic correspondence; the cited theorem supplies its unrestricted proof. Read the output.

Sources

The ideal-membership and finite-basis results are from Arka Ghosh and Sławomir Lasota, Equivariant ideals of polynomials, Proceedings of the 39th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2024), article 38, pages 38:1–38:14, DOI 10.1145/3661814.3662074; arXiv:2402.17604v3. Section 8 gives the reversible-Petri-net reduction; Theorem 2 gives finite generation.

The finite commutative-rewriting equivalence used in the reverse implication is Ernst W. Mayr and Albert R. Meyer, The Complexity of the Word Problems for Commutative Semigroups and Polynomial Ideals, Advances in Mathematics 46(3) (1982), 305–329, DOI 10.1016/0001-8708(82)90048-2.

The stronger computability theorem is Arka Ghosh and Aliaume Lopez, Computability of Equivariant Gröbner bases, arXiv:2507.08990v1 (11 July 2025), preprint. Theorem 2 supplies the labelled-WQO Gröbner algorithm, Corollary 39 applies it to reversible data Petri nets, and Example 54 treats the Rado graph.

Problem source. Reachability in reversible data VASS, contributed by Arka Ghosh. The Lab tracks the weaker and stronger hypothesis sets separately.